Tutorial | Elements of design

Elementos de deseño

Os seguintes elementos son os bloques de construción do deseño.

Liña

A line is defined as a mark with length and direction, created by a point that moves across a surface. A line can vary in length, width, direction, curvature, and color. Line can be two-dimensional (a pencil line on paper), or implied three-dimensional.

Figura

A flat figure, shape is created when actual or implied lines meet to surround a space. A change in color or shading can define a shape. Shapes can be divided into several types: geometric (square, triangle, circle) and organic (irregular in outline).

Tamaño

This refers to variations in the proportions of objects, lines or shapes. There is a variation of sizes in objects either real or imagined.

Espazo

Space is the empty or open area between, around, above, below, or within objects. Shapes and forms are made by the space around and within them. Space is often called three-dimensional or two- dimensional. Positive space is filled by a shape or form. Negative space surrounds a shape or form.

Cor

Color is the perceived character of a surface according to the wavelength of light reflected from it. Color has three dimensions: HUE (another word for color, indicated by its name such as red or yellow), VALUE (its lightness or darkness), INTENSITY (its brightness or dullness).

Textura

Texture is the way a surface feels (actual texture) or how it may look (implied texture). Textures are described by word such as rough, silky, or pebbly.

Valor

Value is how dark or how light something looks. We achieve value changes in color by adding black or white to the color. Chiaroscuro uses value in drawing by dramatically contrasting lights and darks in a composition.

Principios de deseño

Os principios usan os elementos de deseño para crear unha composición.

Balance

Balance is a feeling of visual equality in shape, form, value, color, etc. Balance can be symmetrical or evenly balanced or asymmetrical and un-evenly balanced. Objects, values, colors, textures, shapes, forms, etc., can be used in creating a balance in a composition.

Contraste

Contrast is the juxtaposition of opposing elements

Énfase

Emphasis is used to make certain parts of their artwork stand out and grab your attention. The center of interest or focal point is the place a work draws your eye to first.

Proporción

Proportion describes the size, location or amount of one thing compared to another.

Patrón

Pattern is created by repeating an element (line, shape or color) over and over again.

Gradation

Gradation of size and direction produce linear perspective. Gradation of color from warm to cool and tone from dark to light produce aerial perspective. Gradation can add interest and movement to a shape. A gradation from dark to light will cause the eye to move along a shape.

Composición

A combinación de distintos elementos para formar un todo.

Bibliografía

This is a partial bibliography used to build this document (links may no longer work today or link to malicious sites now, click with care).

• http://www.makart.com/resources/artclass/EPlist.html

• http://www.princetonol.com/groups/iad/Files/elements2.htm

• http://www.johnlovett.com/test.htm

• http://digital-web.com/articles/elements_of_design/

• http://digital-web.com/articles/principles_of_design/

Special thanks to Linda Kim (http://www.coroflot.com/redlucite/) for helping me (http://www.rejon.org/) with this tutorial. Also, thanks to the Open Clip Art Library (https://openclipart.org/) and the graphics people have submitted to that project.