Hello, I'm new to Inkscape although I have literally spent hours searching online, watching a number of video tutorials in my efforts to figure out how to do this.

I would like to start with a color photograph (raster image) of a subject, and generate a Trace Bitmap Black and White SVG file from it. 

This question is not about adjusting settings for Trace Bitmap, I generally get a good quality Tracing BUT, it is NOT an actual Black AND White result, it is a Black AND Transparent result. 

I am hoping there is a way for me to have those transparent portions of the Traced result actually be White.

***I realize that this would be fairly easy to do for instance with an image that has a large outlined transparent area that I could then use the Paint Bucket on and do a White Fill.

However for something like an animal with fur, the transparent areas after the Trace are often very small, and way too numerous to be able to do a Fill on. 

This would be easy to do with layered Tif or PNG files in Photoshop, simply making a white silhouette of the subject and then placing the Trace Bitmap Black (and transparent) version atop of it.

But that's a Tif or PNG file and I want that look as a single SVG file. I'm assuming it IS possible since I have seen final results of animal Traces that ARE SVG files and have both Black and White

in them. And that is the visual effect that I am wanting, is to have an actual 2 color, Black and White SVG file, that would be the same as me having that Black Tracing overlayed on top

of a white silhouette outline. I have put an example below, showing my starting image, what the Black (and Transparent) Trace Bitmap result looks like, and then I showed what I want the actual SVG 

file to look like (I demonstrated what I would like as my final result, I show this by having a PNG layer (with transparent background) of my subject, superimposed on a PNG (white) silhouette layer of my subject. 

But I would like this result as an actual single SVG file, not as two separate layered PNG files. 

Thanks ahead of time for any help, it's much appreciated. Have a great day. 

Your cow seems to have a continuous black outline, which makes this quite easy. Hopefully.

Select the transparent cow and duplicate it [ctrl+d]. Create a group with just this shape [ctrl+g]. Enter the group [double-click] or [ctrl+enter]. Select the cow shape and [Path > Break Apart]. This would be a slow operation on my ancient laptop because your cow has many, many nodes. You will probably see a black-filled outline of the cow, but change to [View > Display Mode > Outline] and you'll see several separate paths. Select the outermost path. [Edit > invert Selection] to select all the other paths in the group then [delete]. Change the fill colour to white. Exit the group and ungroup. Place this white silhouette under the transparent cow.

To improve Paddy_CAD's  answer (don't mind, Paddy 😉) , I'd simply select the black path, then follow theses three steps : press ctrl+D then ctrl+shift +K then ctrl + + (duplicate / break apart / union)

Then turn fill to white and send to bottom.

Use your Black (and  Transparent) Trace Bitmap result.

• Select node tool (n).
• Select one node on the outer edge.
• Select all (ctrl+a).
• Cut (ctrl+x).
• Select selector tool (s) and change the color to white.
• Paste in place (ctrl+alt+v).
• Lower to bottom (end).